For instance, /b and /e tell findstr to only display lines with the search term at the beginning or end of the line, respectively. If you are less familiar with regular expressions, you will like that some options can be used as alternatives to regex.
With option -R, searching files within directories and subdirectories becomes possible.Findstr is a much more powerful tool than find as it supports numerous switches and allows you to work with regular expressions (at least with Microsoft’s regex implementation). By default, grep cannot search directories, you will get an error (“Is a directory”). $grep -i -o yo file1.txt Output: test Test -r (-recursive) OPTION with grep command With option -o, only the matched pattern is printed line by line. By default, grep prints the line where the matched pattern is found. grep -o otion prints only the matched pattern. With the option -w, grep ensures that the matches are exactly the same pattern as specified.Įxample: $grep -w est file1.txt Output: No results $grep -i -w test file1.txt Output: In test Test class -o (–only-matching) OPTION with grep command. This means that grep ‘test’ file1.txt will print the same results as grep ‘est’ file.txt because ‘est’ can be found in test. By default, grep matches strings which contain the specified pattern. grep -w option searches for the line containing the exact matching word. grep -l option print file names that match a patternįile1.txt -w (–word-regexp) OPTION with grep command. grep -i option is used to ignore-case sensitivityĮxample: $grep -i 'tEst' file1.txt No output $grep -i 'tEst' file1.txt Output: In test Test class -l (–files-with-matches) OPTION with grep command. i (–ignore-case) OPTION with grep command in Unix Note :You can use -n option along with -v t list the line numbers. The output does not contains the searched pattern. grep -v option inverts the match, it matches only those lines that do not contain the given word.Įxample: $grep -v 'test' file1.txt Result: Hi All We are learning. 
v (–invert-match) OPTION with grep command in Unix This is because it is concerned with the number of lines where the matches appear, not the number of matches. Note: If there are more than 1 searched word 'test' on line one, option -c would still print 2. grep -c option prints the number of lines of matchesĮxample: $grep -c 'test' file1.txt Output: 2.
c (–count) OPTION with grep command in Unix
The results has line numbers for the text matches.
grep -n option prints out the matches for the text along with the line numbers.Įxample: $ grep -n 'root' /etc/passwd Output: 1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash 1042:rootmask:x:0:0:rootmask:/home/rootmask:/bin/csh. * is a meta-character and returns matching 0 or more preceding characters -n (–line-number) OPTION with grep command Grep command can also be used with meta-characters:Įxample: Input : $grep 'test' * Output : it searches for test in all the files and directories. $grep 'hello' file1.txt Output : searches hello in the file1.txt and outputs/returns the lines containing 'hello'. File Permission and File Security in Unix
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